Intelligent Omni-Surfaces: Reflection-Refraction Circuit Model, Full-Dimensional Beamforming, and System Implementation

The intelligent omni-surface (IOS) is a dynamic metasurface that has recently been proposed to achieve full-dimensional communications by realizing the dual function of anomalous reflection and refraction. Existing research works provide only simplified models for refraction responses IOS, which do not explicitly depend on physical structure IOS angle incidence electromagnetic (EM) waves. Therefore, available reflection-refraction are insufficient characterize performance communications. In this paper, we propose complete detailed circuit-based model formulated in terms equivalent circuits elements, as well validate it with aid full-wave EM simulations. Based analyze asymmetry between transmission coefficients. Moreover, utilized optimizing hybrid beamforming IOS-assisted networks hence improving system performance. To verify model, theoretical findings, evaluate beamforming, implement prototype deploy an wireless communication testbed experimentally measure beam patterns quantify achievable rate. obtained experimental results findings accuracy IOSs.